Christians Married to Non - Christians (1 Cor. 7:12-24)
Some of the members of the Corinthian church were saved after they had been married, but their mates had not yet been converted. No doubt, some of these believers were having a difficult time at home; and they asked Paul, "Must we remain married to unsaved partners? Doesn't our conversion alter. Paul replied that they were to remain with their unconverted mates so long as their mates were willing to live with them. Salvation does not alter the marriage state; if anything, it ought to enhance the marriage relationship. (Note Peter's counsel to wives with unsaved husbands in 1 Peter 3:1-6.) Since marriage is basically a physical relationship ('they shall be one flesh" - Gen 2:24), it can only be broken by a physical cause. Adultery and death would be two such causes (1 Cor 7:39).
It is an act of disobedience for a Christian knowingly to many an unsaved person (note "only in the Lord" in 1 Cor 7:39; 2 Cor 6:14). But if a person becomes a Christian after marriage, he should not use that as an excuse to break up the marriage just to avoid problems. In fact, Paul emphasized the fact that the Christian partner could have a spiritual influence on the unsaved mate. First Corinthians 7:14 does not teach that the unsaved partner is saved because of the believing mate, since each person must individually decide for Christ. Rather, it means that the believer exerts a spiritual influence in the home that can lead to the salvation of the lost partner. What about the children? Again, the emphasis is on the Influence of the godly partner. The believing husband or wife must not give up. In my own ministry, I have seen devoted Christians live for Christ in divided homes and eventually see their loved ones trust the Saviour.
Salvation does not change the marriage state. If the wife's becoming a Christian annulled the marriage, then the children in the home would become illegitimate ("unclean" in 1 Cor 7:14). Instead, these children may one day be saved if the Christian mate is faithful to the Lord. It is difficult for us who are "accustomed" to the Christian faith to realize the impact that this new doctrine had on the Roman world. Here was a teaching for every person, regardless of race or social status. The church was perhaps the only assembly in the Roman Empire where slaves and freemen, men and women, rich and poor, could fellowship on an equal basis (Gal 3:28). However, this new equality also brought with it some misunderstandings and problems; and some of these Paul dealt with in 1 Cor 7:17-24.
The principle that Paul laid down was this: Even though Christians are all one in Christ, each believer should remain in the same caning he was in when the Lord saved him Jewish believers should not try to become Gentiles (by erasing the physical mark of the covenant), and Gentiles should not try to become Jews (by being circumcised). Slaves should not demand freedom from their Christian masters, just because of their equality in Christ However, Paul did advise Christian slaves to secure their freedom if at all possible, probably by purchase. This same principle, would apply to Christians married to unsaved mates. But suppose the unsaved mate leaves the home? First Corinthians 7:15 gives the answer the Christian partner is not obligated to keep the home together. We are called to peace, and we should do all we can to live in peace (Rom 12:18); but there comes a time in some situations where peace is impossible. If the unsaved mate separates from his or her partner, there is little the Christian can do except to pray and continue faithful to the Lord.
Does separation then give the Christian mate the right to divorce and remarriage? Paul did not say so. What if the unconverted mate ends up living with another partner? That would constitute adultery and give grounds for divorce. But even then, 1 Cor 7:10-11 would encourage forgiveness and restoration. Paul did not deal with every possible situation. He laid down spiritual principles, not a list of rules. We are prone to think that a change in circumstances is always the answer to a problem. But the problem is usually within us and not around us. The heart of every problem is the Problem in the heart I have watched couples go through divorce and seek happiness in new circumstances, only to discover that they carried their problems with them. A Christian lawyer once told me, "About the only people who profit from divorces are the attorneys!"
Unmarried Christians (1 Cor. 7:25-40)
Paul had already addressed a brief word to this group in 1 Cor 7:8-9, but in this closing section of the chapter, he went into greater detail. Their question was, "Must a Christian get married? What about the unmarried women in the church who are not getting any younger?" (see 1 Cor 7:36) Perhaps Paul addressed this section primarily to the parents of marriageable girls. Since Jesus did not give any special teaching on this topic, Paul gave his counsel as one taught of the Lord. He asked them to consider several factors when they made their decision about marriage. First, consider the present circum stances (vv. 25-31). It was a time of distress (1 Cor 7:26) when society was going through change (1 Cor 7:31). There was not much time left for serving the Lord (1 Cor 7:29). It is possible that there were political and economic pressures in Corinth about which we have no information. In view of the difficulties, it would be better for a person to be unmarried. However, this did not mean that married people should seek a divorce (1 Cor 7:27). Paul's counsel was to the unmarried.
This did not mean that nobody should get married; but those who do marry must be ready to accept the trials that will accompany it (1 Cor 7:28). In fact, the situation might become so difficult that even those already married will have to live as though they were not married (1 Cor 7:29). Perhaps Paul was referring to husbands and wives being separated from each other because of economic distress or persecution. To consider the circumstances is good counsel for engaged people today The average age for first-time brides and grooms is climbing, which suggests that couples are waiting longer to get married. In my pastoral premarital counseling, I used to remind couples that the cheapest thing in a wedding was the marriage license. From then on, the prices would go up! Second, face the responsibilities honestly (vv. 32-35). The emphasis in this paragraph is on the word care, which means "to be anxious, to be pulled in different directions." It is impossible for two people to live together without burdens of one land or another, but there is no need to rush into marriage and create more problems. Marriage requires a measure of maturity, and age is no guarantee of maturity.
Once again, Paul emphasized living for the Lord. He did not suggest that it was impossible for a man or a woman to be married and serve God acceptably, because we know too many people who have done it But the married servant of God must consider his or her mate, as well as the children God may give them; and this could lead to distraction. It is a fact of history that both John Wesley and George Whitefield night have been better off had they remained single - Wesley's wife finally left him, and Whitefield traveled so much that his wife was often alone for long periods of time. It is possible to please both the Lord and your mate, if you are yielded to Christ and obeying the Word. Many of us have discovered that a happy home and satisfying marriage are a wonderful encouragement in the difficulties of Christian service. A well-known Scottish preacher was experiencing a great deal of public criticism because of a stand he took on a certain issue, and almost every day there was a negative report in the newspapers. A friend met him one day and asked, "How are you able to carry on in the face of this opposition?" The man replied quietly, I am happy at home."
Unmarried believers who feel a call to serve God should examine their own hearts to see if marriage will help or hinder their ministry. They must also be careful to wed mates who feel a like call to serve God. Each person has his own gift and calling from God and must be obedient to His Word.
Third, each situation is unique (vv. 36-38). Paul addressed here the fathers of the unmarried girls. In that day, it was the parents who arranged the marriages, the father in particular (2 Cor 11:2). Paul had already said in 1 Cor 7:35 that he was not laying down an ironclad rule for everybody to follow, regardless of circumstances. Now he made it clear that the father had freedom of choice whether or not he would give his daughter in marriage. I have noticed that often in churches marriages come in "packs." One couple gets engaged and before long four couples are engaged. If all of these engagements are in the will of God, it can be a very exciting and wonderful experience; but I fear that some couples get engaged just to keep up with the crowd. Sometimes in Christian schools, couples get what I call "senior panic" and rush out of engagement and into marriage immediately after graduation, lest they be left "waiting at the church." Sad to say, not all of these marriages are successful.
Even though our modern approach to dating and marriage was completely foreign to the Corinthians, the counsel Paul gave them still applies today. It is a wise thing for couples to counsel with their parents and with their Christian leaders in the church, lest they rush into something which afterward they regret. Paul lit on a key problem in 1 Cor 7:36 when he mentioned "the flower of her age." This is a delicate phrase that simply means the girl is getting older. Dr. Kenneth Wuest translates it "past the bloom of her youth." She is starting to become one of the "unclaimed blessings" in the church. The danger, of course, is that she rush into marriage just to avoid becoming a spinster, and she might make a mistake. A pastor friend of mine Ekes to say to couples, "Better to live in single loneliness than in married cussedness!"
Each situation is unique, and parents and children must seek the Lord's will. It takes more than two Christian people to make a happy marriage. Not every marriage that is scriptural is necessarily sensible. Finally, remember that marriage is for life (vv. 39-40). It is God's will that the marriage union be permanent, a lifetime commitment. There is no place in Christian marriage for a 'trial marriage," nor is there any room for the "escape hatch" attitude: "If the marriage doesn't work, we can always get a divorce. For this reason, marriage must be built on something sturdier than good looks, money, romantic excitement, and social acceptance. There must be Christian commitment, character, and maturity. There must be a willingness to grow, to learn from each other, to forgive and forget, to minister to one another. The kind of love Paul described in 1 Cor 13 is what is needed to cement two lives together.
Paul closed the section by telling the widows that they were free to marry, but "only in the Lord" (1 Cor 7:39). This means that they must not only marry believers, but marry in the will of God. Paul's counsel (for the reasons already given) was that they remain single, but he left the decision to them. God has put "walls" around marriage, not to make it a prison, but to make it a safe fortress. The person who considers marriage a prison should not get married. When two people are lovingly and joyfully committed to each other - and to their Lord - the experience of marriage is one of enrichment and enlargement They grow together and discover the richness of serving the Lord as a "team" in their home and church.
As you review this chapter, you cannot help but be impressed with the seriousness of marriage. Paul's counsel makes it clear that God takes marriage seriously, and that we cannot disobey God's Word without suffering painful consequences. While both Paul and Jesus leave room for divorce under certain conditions, this can never be God's first choice for a couple. God hates divorce (Mal 2:14-16) and certainly no believer should consider divorce until all avenues of reconciliation have been patiently explored. While a person's marital failure may hinder him from serving as a pastor or deacon (1 Tim 3:2,12), it need not keep him from ministering in other ways. Some of the best personal soul winners I have known have been men who, before their conversion, had the unfortunate experience of divorce. A man does not have to hold an office in order to have a ministry.
In summary, each person must ask himself or herself the following questions if marriage is being contemplated:
- What is my gift from God?
- Am I marrying a believer?
- Are the circumstances such that marriage is right?
- How will marriage affect my service for Christ?
- Am I prepared to enter into this union for life?
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